Australia vs Philippines
Introduction
Globalisation has given us access to other countries resources simpler. (Explainitychannel, 2013) There are still differences that needs to be evaluated, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty avoidance, long term orientation, indulgence) explains why different societies differs. (Griffin et al., 2021, pp. 53-54) The following excerpts will discuss the differences between the Philippines and Australia.
1.) Power Distance
Philippines – high / Australia – Low
Power distance is a cultural dimension referring to acceptance of situation where power is distributed unequally. (Matta, S., Rogova, N., & Luna-Cortes, G., 2022)
The Philippines have had been colonised by numerous invaders, Spaniards,
Americans, Japanese. (Sevillano, L., Paez, J.M., & Covington, E., 2023) With
this, a colonialism mindset has been developed through the years in every
Filipino mentality thus introducing an inherent inequality to the nation and
building up to a hierarchal society. (Hofstede insight, 2023) Hence a high
score in power distance.
2.) Individualism vs Collectivism
Philippines – low / Australia – High
This describes relationship between the individual and the group. Individualist put their interest first and considers everyone to look after themselves and their immediate family whilst Collectivists put the group’s interests first based on loyalty. (Taras, V., Steel, P., & Stackhouse, M., 2023, p. 2)
Philippines is low on this dimension suggests that it is considered a collectivistic society, manifested in a close commitment to member group or family, extended family. (Hofstede, 2023) This can be further explained through what Filipino’s practice especially during calamities, Bayanihan. It is analogous to bonding social capital and common amongst poor communities to help one another in times of need and/or calamities. (Eadie, P., & Su, Y., 2018)
3.) Masculinity and Femininity
Philippines – high / Australia – high
Masculinity (High score) indicate measures to which individuals are assertive, performance driven, and ambitious. (Gupta, M., Esmaeilzadeh, P., Uz, I., & Tennant, V. M., 2019). While Femininity (Low score) means are more caring to quality of life.
The Philippines scores 64 on this thus making it a Masculine society. (Hofstede insight, 2023) I am a bit surprised to see Philippines as a Masculine state as a Filipino, I know for certain that we are timid and shy and more caring and inclined to base our decision with morale compasses; but I guess we inherited being a Masculine society from our former colonist, the Americans. As Miller K.R. (2019) has stated, colonial masculinity draws from American leaders’ promotion of assimilation, the objective that US control of the Philippines was designed to civilized, modernize, and teach Filipinos to manage their own affairs.
4.) Uncertainty Avoidance
Philippines – low / Australia – high
This refers to the way a society deals with the future. Moreover, it is the extent to which a society are made anxious and try to avoid it by establishing certain codes of conduct (Taras, V., Steel, P., & Stackhouse, M., 2023, p. 3)
Philippines – Low / Australia – Low
Long-term orientation refers to the values of persistence and thrift,
personal stability, and respect for tradition, whilst short-term orientation
refers to the tendency to line in the moment and consider the future. (Taras, V., Steel, P., & Stackhouse, M., 2023, p. 3)
The Philippine’s democracy normative order is most voiced, as told, from the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution. A mass uprising that ousted President Ferdinand Marcos from 20 years of power and paved the way for the restoration of Liberal Democracy.
The Philippine's democracy-centric normative order is most pronounced in stories we were told about the EDSA People Power Revolution. In 1986, a mass uprising ousted President Ferdinand Marcos from power after more than 20 years in power. The protest along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue--known colloquially as EDSA--paved the way for the restoration of liberal democracy. (Curato, N., 2022, p. 375).
6.) Indulgence
Philippines – low / Australia – high
This dimension is described as the degree to which people try to manipulate their aspirations and desires, based on the way we were raised. Relatively weak is called indulgence and relatively strong is called restraint. (Hofstede insight, 2023)
With a score of 42, Philippines is one of the restraint societies and have a tendency of cynicism and pessimism. This may be true in the provinces in the Philippines, but I believe, greater Manila residents are no longer cynical and pessimist at this day of age. Manila residence are already westernized society and have adapt to a more optimist culture. Furthermore, a lot of Generation Z or millennials Filipinos are already aware of spending much more on their leisure time, act as they please and spend their money as they wish. As we are on the post pandemic phase, many have realised the importance of life and how to enjoy it.
Conclusion
Hofstede cultural dimension have been accepted since 1980.
As my own conclusion to this discussion forum, I find it interesting to note that although the similarities are almost accurate, I must say that in hindsight, it is no longer acceptable. With globalisation hitting hard in all facets in the world, the traits, and values of everyone are fast changing and adapting. Some sectors of a certain society are different from other sectors of the same demography thus its contradicting to generalise it. In particular, the upbringing of the people in manila is different from the provinces; the influence of Manila is far reaching to far flung provinces in the Philippines. People from the provinces have their own identity very different from Manila residents, and I am speaking through my personal experience as I just went on almost two months holiday in the province of my father and I was blown away with how their customs remained intact, far different from Manila.
Reference
Explainitychannel, 2013, July 11, Globalisation explained, Explainity explainer video, Video, Globalization explained (explainity® explainer video) - YouTube
Griffin, R.W., Phillips, J.M., Gully, S.M., Creed, A., Gribble, L. &Watson, M., 2021, Organisational behaviour: Engaging people and organisations, First edition, Cengage Learning Australia Pty. Limited
Matta, S., Rogova, N., & Luna-Cortés, G. (2022). Investigating tolerance of uncertainty, COVID-19 concern, and compliance with recommended behaviour in four countries: The moderating role of mindfulness, trust in scientists, and power distance. Personality and Individual Differences, 186, 111352–111352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111352
Sevillano, L., Paez, J. M., & Covington, E. (2023). Restoring kapwa: A systematic review of colonial mentality among pilipinx americans. Asian American Journal of Psychology, p. 2, https://doi.org/10.1037/aap0000314
Hofstede Insights, 2023, Compare countries, Country comparison tool (hofstede-insights.com)
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Hofstede Insights, 2023, Compare countries, Country comparison tool (hofstede-insights.com)
Eadie, P., & Su, Y. (2018). Post-disaster social capital: trust, equity, bayanihan and Typhoon Yolanda. Disaster Prevention and Management, 27(3), 334-345. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-02-2018-0060
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sharing economy. Journal of Business Research, 97, 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.018
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Miller, K. R. (2019). "Thin, Wistful, and White": James Fugate and Colonial Bureaucratic Masculinity in the Philippines, 1900–1938. American Quarterly, 71(4), 921-944. http://libproxy.murdoch.edu.au/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/thin-wistful-white-james-fugate-colonial/docview/2330799572/se-2
Allison, S. T., Beggan, J. K., & Efthimiou, O. (2022). Curb Your Heroism: How Larry David, an Old, Bald Misanthrope, Won the Hearts of Millions. Heroism Science - An Interdisciplinary Journal, 7(2).
Curato, N. (2022).
Philippine Elections 2022: The New Normative Order. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 44(3), 375+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A734610717/AONE?u=murdoch&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=717c9966
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