The open cycle gas turbine operates by drawing fresh atmospheric air at ambient conditions into a compressor, which may be a centrifugal or axial flow type. The compressor increases the temperature and pressure of the air to levels specified by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM). This compressed air, now at a higher pressure, is directed into a combustion chamber where fuel is combusted at essentially constant pressure. The resulting high-pressure hot gases drive the turbine, generating power through the rotation of the turbine shaft, which can be utilized for various applications such as electricity generation and as prime movers for industrial equipment. The exhaust gases exiting the turbine are released into the atmosphere, classifying the cycle as an open system since these gases are not recirculated.
The open cycle gas turbine is a versatile and rapid-response
power unit that can be brought online and taken offline quickly making it a
primary source of peak power in electrical grids worldwide. However, these
units are generally more expensive and less efficient compared to base load
power plants like combined cycle and thermal power plants.
Brayton Cycle
- 1. Isentropic compression: air is compressed to high pressure and temperature via an isentropic process that is adiabatic and reversible.
- 2. Constant pressure heat addition (Isobaric heat addition): high-pressure air is fed into a combustion chamber where fuel is added and ignited.
- 3. Isentropic expansion: high-temperature gases from the combustion chamber expand in the turbine in an isentropic process, producing mechanical work.
- 4. Constant pressure heat rejection (Isobaric heat rejection): the exhaust gases are expelled into the atmosphere.
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